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analyzed water vapor transport characteristics of the flood season in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Valley using the HYSPLIT model. Using the HYSPLIT model, Brimelow and Reuter simulated the trajectories of air parcels over the Mackenzie River during three torrential rain events and found that the main water vapor source of those torrential rain processes was the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model has been extensively used to study global water vapor transport processes.
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Compared to the Eulerian method, this method can trace variations in specific air parcels based on positioning and meteorological elements over time. The Lagrangian method is used to simulate the trajectories of air parcels over fixed regions. Thus, a Lagrangian particle dispersion model can be used to reconstruct a reasonable source-receptor relationship for atmospheric water vapor transport. However, due to transient variations in atmospheric wind fields, this method cannot trace air from possible water vapor source regions to fixed regions or from a fixed region back to its water vapor source region. The Eulerian method is used to diagnose temporal variations in meteorological elements over a fixed region. In the studies referenced above, the Eulerian method was used to study atmospheric water vapor transport processes. The last form of water vapor transport proceeds from the land area and is controlled by midlatitude westerlies. Southeasterly water vapor transport controlled by the East Asian summer monsoon proceeds from the South China Sea, but it originates from the western Pacific Ocean along the western margin of the West Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH). Southwesterly water vapor transport originates from the Indian Ocean during the Indian summer monsoon and is controlled by the atmosphere of the Southern Hemisphere. In the preflood season, South China precipitation patterns are influenced by three atmospheric water vapor transport processes. Over South China, preflood season precipitation is mainly controlled by atmospheric water vapor transport processes thus, atmospheric moisture transport is treated as an important subject in atmospheric science and has attracted the attention of scholars worldwide. Key PointsĬompared to other regions of China, South China receives the most precipitation and the most torrential rain events during the preflood season (1 April to 30 June). In addition, a significant positive anomaly in Pacific Ocean and South China Sea water vapor transport spurred CETR events in the east, while a significant positive anomaly in Indian Ocean water vapor transport facilitated CETR events in the west. Furthermore, a significant transition in water vapor transport occurred in the 1990s, during which water vapor transport from the Indian Ocean increased significantly, while water vapor transport from the western Pacific Ocean significantly declined.
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The water vapor transport from the land area (14%), western Pacific Ocean (10%), South China Sea (25%), and South China (20%) also play important roles in preflood season CETR events. The results indicate that during the preflood season, Indian Ocean water vapor transport accounts for 30% of the atmospheric moisture generated in CETR events, thus dominating precipitation over South China. In this study, five atmospheric moisture sources-the land area, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean, South China Sea, and South China-are defined, and the effects of these moisture sources on preflood season CETR events over South China are quantitatively estimated. Using a Lagrangian particle dispersion model-the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model-the major atmospheric moisture sources of 66 CETR events for the period of 1979–2014 are identified and compared. In this paper, reanalysis data collected by ERA-Interim 4 times daily from 1979 to 2014 are used to analyze the main atmospheric moisture sources of cumulative effect of torrential rain (CETR) events during the preflood season (1 April to 30 June) over South China.